Energy, Equilibrium and Chemical Foundations
catalyst
enzyme
substrate
activation energy
endergonic
exergonic
respiration
photosynthesis
ATP,ADP,AMP
Phosphoranhydride bond
oxidation
reduction
pK
equilibrium constant
standard free-energy change
standard state conditions
entropy
enthalpy
buffering
acid
base
hydrophobic interaction
polar
hydrophilic
ionic bond
anion
cation
hydrogen bond
nonpolar
dipole
electronegativity
covalent
non covalent
outer shell of electrons
sharing of electrons
bond angles
planar nature of double (and triple) bonds
electronegativity
ionic bonds
vander Waals interaction
hydrophobicinteraction
chemistryofC,N,O,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cl
cpm
ester bonds
peptide bonds
carboxy group
hydroxyl group
ketone
aldehyde
kinetic energy
potential lenergy
first law of thermodynamics
second law of thermodynamics
free energy (G)
equilibrium constant (Keq)
coupled reaction
Mole
condensation reaction
hydrolysis reaction
NADH and NADPH
Acetyl CoA
glycolysis
fermentation
glycogen
citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
electron-transport chain
Protein Structure and Function, Control of Enzyme Activity
active site
allosteric
alpha helix
amino acid sequence
antibody
antigen
ATPase
beta sheet
binding site
chaperone (molecular, not YM/YW)
coenzyme
conformational change in protein
disulfide bond
double-reciprocal plot (Linnweaver-Burke)
enzyme inhibition (competitive and not)
equilibrium constant (K)
feedback inhibition
fibrous protein
globular protein
GTP-binding protein
heat-shock proteins
kinase
Kcat
Kcat/Km
m Kligand
Michaelis-Menton kinetics
motor protein
nuclease
polymerase
primary structure
protease
protein domain
phosphatase
protein phosphorylation
proteasome
proteomics
quaternary structure
regulatory site
secondary structure
tertiary structure
turnover number
ubiquitination
Vmax
Eukaryotic Chromosome Organization
5' end of a nucleic acid
3' end of a nucleic acid
antiparallel
cell division
centromere
chromatin remodeling complex
chromosome
complementary strands
DNA hybridization
DNA origin of replication
epigenetic inheritance
euchromatin
exon
GEF
G1 phase
G2 phase
gene duplication
gene silencing
globin gene family
GTPase activating protein (GAP)
guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)
heterochromatin
histone
histone acetyl transferase (HAT)
histone code hypothesis
histone deacetylase complex (ADC)
histone H1
histone H2A
histone H2B
histone H3
histone H4
homologous chromosomes
intron
karyotype
linker DNA
M phase
mitosis
mitotic chromosome
mitotic spindle
N-terminal histone tail
neutral mutation
non-histone chromosomal protein
nuclear inner membrane
nuclear lamina
nuclear outer membrane
nuclear pore complex
nuclease
nucleosome
nucleosome sliding
nucleus export signal (NES)
nucleus localization signal (NLS)
phylogenetic trees
polytene chromosome
Ran
S phase
single nucleotide polymorphism
telomere
transportin
transposon
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
3' untranslated region (3'UTR)
5' untranslated region (5'UTR)
activation domain on a protein
alternative RNA splicing
anterior-posterior axis
CG island
constitutive control
DNA binding domain on a protein
DNA methylation
Drosophila
enhancer sequence
epigenetic inheritance
even-skipped (Eve)
exon
gene
general transcription factor
genomic imprinting
heterodimer
internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
intron
mediator
miRNA
negative control
operon
poly-A addition site
positive control
promoter
regulated nuclear transport of mRNA
reporter gene
riboswitch
RNA editing
RNA induced silencing complex (RISC)
RNA polymerase I, II, and III
siRNA
transcription start site
Membrane Structure
7 alpha helix transmembrane protein
cholesterol
flip-flop of phospholipids and proteins
FRAP
glycoprotein
hydropathy plot
integral membrane protein
lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins
lectin
lipid bilayer asymmetry
lipid raft
micelle/liposome formation
monolayer/leaflet
nonionic detergent
peripheral membrane protein
phase transition
phospholipid head group
plasma membrane
receptor protein
reconstitution of a membrane
sodium dodecyl sulfate
triton X-100
transmembrane protein
Membrane Transport of Small Molecules
action potential
active transport
antiporter
ATP pump
carrier protein
channel protein
coupled transporter
electrochemical gradient
facilitated diffusion
hypertonic
hypotonic
ion channel
ionophore
ligand-gated channel
membrane potential
membrane transport protein
Na+ -K+ pump
Nernst equation
osmosis
osmotic pressure
passive transport
permease
resting potential
symporter
uniporter
